Analysis Of Composed Upon Westminster Bridge - 858 Words

The True Language of Men When one writes a poetry, it is better to do it in a way that will be understood by most, if not all readers, and the easisest way to do this is through style and form. The particular form that the poets from the Romantic era would be of one that Wordsworth would call â€Å"a selection of language really used by men† (292). However, in the regards to this â€Å"true language† Wordsworth seems to fall flat when compared to the likes of Lord Byron. Wordsworth was an extravagant and unique poet. Boasting and going on about how he would and did write in the common people’s vernacular when it was far from it. Looking upon his sonnet, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, it does have its moments where it tends to lean on the†¦show more content†¦Wordsworth proves himself to be a capable poet and has incredible word and language choices, but these choices just do not seem to be the â€Å"language really used by men†. Lord Byron whil e lacking in some of the opulence that Wordsworth reveled in was still able to encapsulate readers with his language and his style of writing. He is even less likely, at least in She Walks in Beauty, to take flights of fancy and indulge in the grandiose writing style. The form is setup in such a way that the reader is able to flow and traverse down the page with ease following each line after the other. The vocabulary used her does not take precedent over the work as and in fact it helps to make the transitions and movement of the poem even easy. Byron unlike Wordsworth is able to use the simpler terms in more than just mere imagery effect, but to spread it out over the entire work to make it more appealing and a better read all together. From the beginning we are able to get to the center of the poem with the lines, â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies:† (1-2). Those lines help set up the tone as this is about the admiration of an individual and the sheer beauty that they bring to one’s eyes. It does this in an easy and simple way that reading the rest of the poem, the same tone will float across and the idea and emphasis will still be stressed and prevalent. By taking this route, Byron canShow MoreRelatedAn Explication Of A Poetry Explication Essay1895 Words   |  8 Pages Modified from Laurie Coleman and resources at The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1 ? Essay #1: Poetry Explication A poetry explication is a relatively short analysis that describes the possible meanings and relationships of the words, images, and other small units that make up a poem. It is a line-by-line unfolding or revealing of the meaning(s) of a poem as the poem develops that meaning from beginning to end. Writing an explication is an effective wayRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organizationRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagessites on the web so you can explore more about the organisations featured in the case studies †¢ Classic cases – over 30 case studies from previous editions of the book †¢ The Strategy Experience simulation gives you hands-on experience of strategic analysis and putting str ategy into action Resources for instructors †¢ Instructor’s manual, including extensive teaching notes for cases and suggested teaching plans †¢ PowerPoint slides, containing key information and figures from the book †¢ Secure testbankRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of each main part of the text were created exclusively for this edition and provide opportunities for reading and analysis outside of class. Review questions provided for each case are intended to facilitate lively and productive written analysis or in-class discussion. Our â€Å"Brief Integrative Cases† typically explore a specific situation or challenge facing an individual or team. Our longer and more detailed â€Å"In-Depth IntegrativeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pa gesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. MyManagementLab Access a host of interactive learning aids to help strengthen your understanding of the chapter concepts at www.mymanagementlab.com cott Nicholson sits alone in his parents’ house in suburban Boston

The Legacy Of John F. Kennedy - 1085 Words

John Fitzgerald Kennedy made history as America’s youngest and first Catholic President. JFK, or â€Å"Jack† Kennedy, was born into a wealthy family, who were considered American royalty. Jack Kennedy was only our President for a few short years, but the stories of his assassination and his legacy live on today. President Kennedy was easily one of America’s most famous leaders of all time. John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Jack was the second of nine children born into the one of the richest families in America, the son of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. In spite of being born into privilege, Jack was sickly most of his life. He was a victim of many childhood diseases, including whooping cough, measles, chicken†¦show more content†¦Jack finally got more interested in his future and became dedicated to his studies. In 1940, Jack graduated 65th out of 110 students, majoring in government and international relations. After he graduated, he studied at Stanford for one semester until World War II began heating up. Jack s long-term dream was to join the Navy. He finally joined after his brother Joe was drafted. In 1941, Jack attempted to join the Navy, but he failed his fitness test and was sent away. He spent the rest of the year doing physical training but did not pass his second test and was sent away again. Jack was angry because his brother had already started training to be a Navy pilot. Jack tried a final time and passed with some help from his father s connections. Jack s first Navy job was as a desk worker in Charleston, South Carolina. He stayed there for one year until he was assigned to patrol boat training. He stood out among his comrades for his leadership skills. In April 1943, he was assigned to a PT109 patrol boat near the Solomon Islands. Four months later,Jack s PT boat was struck by a Japanese destroyer killing two of his men on impact. All of the crew members were in shock or injured. Some were unconscious and couldn t swim. Jack and his surviving men swam to a remote island and were there for several days without seeing any signs of other people. On the third day, Jack found a native on the island. He

Shallow Free Essays

Students will appreciate the multi-disciplinary nature of societal issues such as technology, communication, the internet. Students will explore the scientific, social, economic, political and artistic nature of technology-related challenges facing society. Finally, students will continue to take charge of your own liberal arts education. We will write a custom essay sample on Shallow or any similar topic only for you Order Now This ours requires a significant amount of self-discipline and independent motivation. To get the most out of this course, students must put their own best effort into the course. The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think-? rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men. John Dewey â€Å"We should never lose our zest for living, our excitement and enthusiasm, our curiosity, our desire to know. The person who does is certainly blind to the world, its miracles and possibilities, and one’s own possibilities. Earl Nightingale Academic Integrity Policy Students of the university must conduct themselves in accordance with the highest standards of academic honesty and integrity. Failure to maintain academic integrity will not be tolerated. The following definitions are provided for understanding and clarity. Definitions of Plagiarism, Cheating and Academic Dishonesty Student plagiarism is the deliberate presentation of the writing or thinking of another as the student’s own. In written or oral work a student may make fair use of quotations, ideas, images, etc. , that appear in others’ work only if the student gives appropriate credit to the original authors, thinkers, owners or creators of that work. This includes material found on the internet and in electronic databases. Cheating entails the use of unauthorized or prohibited aid in accomplishing assigned academic tasks. Obtaining unauthorized help on examinations, using prohibited notes on closed-note examinations, and depending on others for writing of essays or the creation of other assigned work are all forms of cheating. Academic dishonesty may also include other acts intended to misrepresent the authorship of academic work. Deliberate acts threatening the integrity of library materials or the smooth operation of laboratories are among possible acts of academic dishonesty. Sanctions for Violations of Academic Integrity If an instructor determines that a student has violated the academic integrity policy, the instructor may choose to impose a sanction, ranging from refusal to accept a work product to a grade â€Å"F† for the assignment to a grade â€Å"F† for the course. When a sanction has been imposed, the instructor will inform the student in writing. The instructor must also inform the student that she/he has the right to appeal this inaction, and refer the student to the Academic Appeals Process described in the Bulletin of the Rosary College of Arts and Sciences. The instructor will send a copy of this letter to the Dean of the Rosary College of Arts and Sciences. The Dean will note whether a student has committed multiple violations of the academic integrity policy over time, and in such cases the Dean may institute a process leading to possible further sanctions, including suspension or expulsion from the university†¦ Mutual Respect in the Discussion Forums An atmosphere of mutual respect and courtesy will be maintained in the discussion forums. The teacher and students will respond politely and civilly to any opinions expresses by any member of the class. Disruptive and disrespectful behavior will not be tolerated. A warning for disruptive behavior will be given. After three warnings a student will be asked to withdraw from the course. Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties. Erich From LASSES Tentative Course Calendar: Text Reading Assignments Topics 7/01 The Shallows Rainbows End———- Prologue 1. Hal and Med 2. The Vital Paths 3. Tools of the Mind 4. The Deepening Page 5. A Medium of the Most 1-5 My role as a technology consumer. /08 #2 Smarter Than You Think Rainbows End———– 7. The Juggler’s Brain 9. Search, Memory 1. The Rise of the Centaurs 2. We, the Memories 3. Public Thinking 6-10 Communication 7/15 #3 Rainbows End———— 6. The Puzzle-Hungry 7. Digital School 9. The Connected Society 11-15 Education Midterm Assignment due on July 18th 7/22 Plain Simple Laborer Excrescences Intro, Background I 16-20 Leisure 7/29 #5 6- epilog 21-25 Vocation 8/05 Rainbows End Finish the book Final Project due on August 5th Grading for The Future of Everything The distribution of the grades will be: Weekly Participation and Discussion x 40 = 240 points 3. Weekly Assignment Questions Midterm and Final Project 120+ 120=240 points Letter Grade Assignments: 100 A 92 88 84 80 78 74 70 A- 90 88 B 84 B- 80 C+78 C 74 C- 70 D 60 Weekly Participation and Discussion: Students will receive up to 40 points per week for completing the opinion poll and posting discussion entries. Students are expected to post at least two entries during the first round of discussion and two entries during the second round of discussion. Discussion entries should reflect an understanding of the texts and media as well offering insight into the topic. In other words, students will be graded in terms of compliance in terms of how many posts are written as well as the quality of participation. Suggested discussion questions will be provided along with assignment packet. The instructor will be monitor the online discussions but will not necessarily respond to every post. The course is designed to be completed in a chronological fashion. Once a new week beings, the previous weeks forums are considered to be closed. Generally, assignments are due at midnight of their due date. Weekly Assignment Questions: Weekly assignments include questions designed to valuate your comprehension of the text and engage you in thinking through the topics introduced in the assigned readings and media. Late work will be penalized in proportion to the delay in submission. Generally, assignments are due at midnight of their due date. Theme Papers/Presentations: The purpose of essays and research papers is to encourage you to do thoughtful independent research on a topic relating to subjects we are addressing in class. The format may vary depending on the nature of the subject and how you wish to communicate it. The famous â€Å"Common Assignment† will be your final project assignment. Late work will be penalized in proportion to the delay in submission. Generally, assignments are due at midnight of their due date. Emails and conversation with instructor: Students are encouraged to email their instructor about any questions and concerns they may have. Freshman Seminar: Dimensions of the Self (100-level) Sophomore Seminar: Diversity, Culture, and Community (200-level) Junior Seminar: Technology, Work, and Leisure (300-level) Senior Seminar: Virtues and Values (400-level) While LAS seminars are taught by instructors from various disciplines representing alternative approaches to the general topics, they share several features. As seminars, they are courses in which students, led by an instructor, investigate rorobbersdesign projects, explore resources, share findings. They are, that is, courses in which students learn with and from each other. The seminars are thematic. Building on prior semesters, they take as departure point questions that are both universal and urgent, questions that engage the whole person throughout life. Because all seminars at each class level share a common general topic and a common text or texts, they place at the center of students’ Dominican education a shared experience; they embody for students the distinctive community of learners they have Joined. How to cite Shallow, Papers

Impact of Dancehall Music in Society free essay sample

Air pollution is the contamination of the air with impurities. These include smokes, dust and soot from forest fires and the burning of garbage’s. Internal combustion engines using gasoline emit carbon monoxide, lead and particulates into the atmosphere. Pictures of air pollution What cause air pollution- * Burning of garbage’s * Using gasoline emit carbon monoxides * sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide * sugarcane factories at time emit black polluted dust cement and chemical plants emit white polluted dust, tainting the vegetation around+ * Petroleum- is the driving force behind vehicles; however, this helpful substance is a major contributor to global  air pollution. * Mining Operations * Fertilizers are useful for farmers as they accelerate the growth of crops and plants. Nonetheless, the accumulation of fertilizer dust (even those made from organic ingredients) can give way to the production of ammonia and nitrogen oxide, both of which contribute to global warming and harmful acid rain. Radioactive Fallout-Radioactive sources yield high amounts of energy, as well as harmful quantities of sulfur dioxide and several heavy metals into the air. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Dancehall Music in Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Effects of air pollution- * The sulphur oxides, produced mainly by burning of coal and oil can cause both temporary and permanent injury to the respiratory system. * Air pollution are damaging to a wide variety of material. Steel corrodes two to four times faster in industrial areas than it does in rural areas. Decreased visibility cause by air pollution interferes with safe operation of aircraft and automobiles disruption transportation schedules. * Sulphur dioxide fumes devastate thousands of hectares of timberland and forest in the United States of America. Many plants suffer chronic injury, described as early ageing * One of the most intriguing aspects of air pollution is it effect on weather and climate. In many areas precipitation patterns have already been affected by emission of particles into the air. One of the most detrimental effects of air pollution is on human health. The dramatic increase in illness rate and death especially among the elderly and those with respiratory or heart conditions. Solution of air pollution-to maintain a cleaner air quality, start at home sources of pollutants at home and try to eliminate or least minimize them. Limit your use of vehicles and instead walk, rollerblade, or bike or use public transport or carpool. Especial pay attention to the types of products you use, to avoid those that emit harmful gases. * Strict laws to ensure that factories install pollution control devices. * Experiment with the use of alternative sources of fuel in place of gasoline such as natural gas, ethyl alcohol, gasohol and hydrogen which emit fewer pollution. * Industries sites should be placed on the leeward side of countries. * Through the education system, teach and make the citizens aware of the dangers of air pollution.

Magdalena And Balthasar Essays (973 words) - Steven Ozment

Magdalena And Balthasar The letters of Magdalena and Balthasar give us a glimpse into the lives of a merchant couple in 16th century Nuremberg, Germany. Renaissance Nuremberg was a city much like Florence, full of culture and based on a strong merchant economy. The only difference was that while Florence was predominately Catholic, Nurembergs residents were Protestant (Patrouch, 2-13-01). In this city, the plague ended the lives of thousands and this couple was alive to see the suffering it created. This caused two reactions in them. One was that of fear; a fear that they too would die from the plague and so they are both very careful with their health. The second was a vision of a God that could both punish and save them from damnation. In the letters of this book we discover how a Protestant couple in Renaissance Germany dealt with the illness and suffering that their loving God had bestowed upon them. Between 1560 and 1584, Nuremberg lost thousands of its residents to an epidemic that was sweeping Europe. This was the reason for the couples preoccupation with purgative health care methods such as periodic bleedings, salve solutions, and bathing and drinking spring waters such as those of Lucca, Italy. In the introduction of this book, Ozment states that Magdalena and Balthasar are devotees of purgative medicine, in search of effective prophylaxis against the ragging maladies and diseases of their age (Ozment, 14). Due to this fear of sickness and death, Magdalena and Balthsar are fanatics of the medical remedies of the time. Through these letters we can see that religion played a major role in the lives of the couple. As we read in the introduction, they seem to have a love-hate relationship with God, their Afflicter and Redeemer (Ozment, 14). Throughout their letters we will discover the strong beliefs that this couple had in the medicine of their time and the God that they both feared and loved. Magdalena is the one who was exposed most to this deterioration that was occurring in Nuremberg. Numerous times she remorsefully mentioned the news of a lost friend or relative in her letters to Balthasar. Once while Balthasar was in Altdorf Magdalena wrote, I must report to you a death among our friends in every letter I write; I wish it were not so (M. Paumgartner, 113). Even though this is a happy time in their lives because she has just found out that they will have a child, they are not sure whether this is a blessing or a curse, for now there is one more of them at risk. And later we learn that this epidemic did not discriminate the old or young and even little Balthasar dies at the young age of 10. While away in Ausburg, Balthasar receives news that little Balthasar was very ill. Magdalena wrote, I long for you under this cross which God has made us bear by afflicting little Balthasar. She goes on to say, May eternal God add his grace to the medicine, so that little Balthasar will have recovered by the time you return. (M. Paumgartner, 98). This is a perfect example of the vision the couple had of God. Even though He was the merciless God that had bestowed such a horrible sickness on their boy, He was also the all- powerful God that could remove it and restore the health of their only son. This is the love-hate relationship that Ozment mentions in his introduction. The couple loved God and constantly praise him throughout their correspondence but they never fail to recognize that He is the one who has created such suffering for them. In a letter to Balthasar while away in Frankfurt Magdalena writes how little Balthasar definitely has a deformity in his neck. She says that she has just taken him to the doctor and he believes there is nothing that will cure him, the only thing that will help is some salve and she goes on to say, May God help make it work! (M. Paumgartner, 90). Statements like this display to us hope that Magdalena and Balthasar had in both God and medicine. In a letter from Balthasar to Magdalena, he says

5 Ways to Prove Your Workplace Leadership Skills

5 Ways to Prove Your Workplace Leadership Skills This time of year is pretty blah†¦the holidays are long over, and you’re so far into your new year resolutions that- let’s be honest- you’ve probably lost track of them. It’s time for a jumpstart! One way to get back into your fresh January groove is to start building your leadership skills at work. These strategies can help you set yourself up for success for the rest of the year, even without that lovely new goal scent.1. Steer conversations.This is not to say that you should bully people into a particular outcome, or try to establish a particular point of view. This means stepping up when there’s a group situation, and making sure everyone stays focused on the task at hand. If a meeting seems to be meandering away from its purpose, be the one to say, â€Å"That’s great, but can we clarify how that applies to X?† or â€Å"I think that’s a great point, and we should set up some time to talk more about it after we finish u p here.† This not only keeps your attention where it should be, but it also shows people you’re committed to getting things done.2. Be proactive.Whenever possible, don’t wait for assignments to fall in your lap, or for your boss to tell you the next steps. Try to figure out what the next steps will be. And if they fall within your role, confirm that you’re handling them.If you’re not positive what the next steps are, confirm with your boss that you think X, Y, and Z need to be done- does she agree? Or if it’s clear that a group email conversation is slowly turning into a death spiral of unproductiveness, set up a meeting (with a set agenda) where everyone can call in or get in the same room to hash things out.Notekeeping is a great way to be proactive. In meetings, jot down notes about who was there, what major points were discussed, any open questions that still need to be answered, and whatever the next steps are. Then email them to everyon e who was at the meeting, ideally the same day. It may sound tedious, but it shows everyone that you’re taking the initiative to own the process. And it may save the day when, three days later, everyone’s having the same discussion over email, and you can be the hero who steps in with the reminder of what was already discussed/decided.3. Ask for feedback†¦This isn’t just a give-and-take between boss and employee. You can apply it to your meetings and everyday interactions with colleagues too. If you run a regular meeting, ask the attendees if the format works for them, or if there are any changes they’d like to see. (This can be done discreetly, over email.) Ditto for any workflows or processes that you’re in charge of running. It shows that you’re actively interested in making things better for everyone involved.4. †¦and be prepared to give it.This is an area that calls for your best workplace diplomacy- and it’s not an ope n invitation to criticize people. If you think a process could run more efficiently, and you have an idea of how to do it, pull your coworker aside and ask if he has thought of doing it a different way. It’s very collaborative, and can build your relationships as well. Don’t be afraid to share your (polite and professional, please) opinions!5. Be a single-tasker on big projects.If you have a high-profile task or project, set aside time that’s devoted just to that project. Most of us have jobs that require juggling a number of tasks and projects at once- but for top priorities, make sure you have time built into your schedule when you can concentrate fully on one at a time. No email, no new requests, no meetings.If your concentration is best in the morning, block out an hour or two right when you get in the office. If you have your best ideas late in the day, set a 3 pm â€Å"hunker down† time. The idea is to show commitment to your highest priorities, and develop the confidence to say, â€Å"This is what I’m working on right now† without letting others distract you.Even if you’ve let your workplace goals, uh, lapse a little, don’t sweat it- it happens to everyone at some point. But you don’t have to wait for the end of the year to start fresh. A little stepping up goes a long way, and you can start building your leadership skills ASAP.

The Four Forces of Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Four Forces of Evolution - Essay Example In evolution, the population has a greater significance because it refers to the change in the characteristics of a population over many generations and not the individual change during their lifetimes (Fogiel 908). As stated earlier, an individual cannot evolve but a population can as allelic frequencies (genetic make up and the expression of the developmental potential) of a given population can change over time. This is called microevolution which accounts for the diversity of life on earth. But when do we become aware of evolution and how do we began to understand its concept? The molecular basis of evolution started with the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules in 1953. Through biological reproduction, each living organisms inherit a combination of genes from biological parents and creates a unique new individual (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 27). Aside from this biological reproduction, creation theories from different religions around the world also expl ains the diversity of life. ... Mutation is the random alteration of genetic material that produces new variation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). With random mutations or variation, population can change over time in accordance with the changes that occurred in the environment because the creation of a new allele may create a modified protein for a new biological task. In humans, for instance, the only possible evolutionary mutations occurred in sex cells when mistakes occur during copying and cell division. Thus, this is in contrary with the layman’s conception of mutation and evolution as mutations and evolutions arise continuously in all species. Mutations have positive and negative effects but most of it are neutral in nature. Some of the negative effects are the results of the presence of mutant genes, a gene abnormality that leads to certain hereditary disorders like muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, Parkinson’s disease, etc. While cellular mutations directly involve genetic factors, e nvironmental factors may also play a vital role in the occurrence of mutation. Antibiotics, dyes, chemicals used in the preservation of food, and radiation are just a few examples. Research also suggests that the amount of stress a human can endure increases the mutation traits needed for adaptation (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 40). Meanwhile, genetic drift refers to the evolutionary force of chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population (Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride 41). In short, this refers to the changes at the population level because of â€Å"chance events† such as disasters that can kill a greater number of population. A perfect example of genetic drift is the founder effects – a case that

Recommendations to Manage Employee Behaviour Essay

Recommendations to Manage Employee Behaviour - Essay Example According to the discussion, a happy workforce is better equipped to contribute constructively to the shared goals of the organization for higher work performance as psychological well-being is associated with the psychological well-being of the employees. Dowling, Festing & Engle assert that each worker is unique with feelings, emotions, expectations and frames of references that is distinct to him/her. Consequently, individuals or employees require constant reassessment, evaluation and capacity building within the work context in order to meet the new challenges of time. Scholars reveal that within work environment, workers experience different physical, social and psychological influences that impact their work place behavior and subsequently their performance. The issues have to be addressed with innovative approach that considerably enhances their work satisfaction. Case study of Stockington branch of Superbrand, a leading retail organization of UK is undertaken to analyse facto rs that influence employees’ behaviour. It is one of the leading chains of supermarket in UK with focus on food items. It has more than 1000 medium and large supermarkets and around 450 convenience stores. It has wide range of products ranging from exclusive to low cost products to meet the requirements of different demographic segment. It is renowned for excellent customer service and quality products. The Stockington branch is facing some difficulties for the last nine to twelve months. A new supermarket in the town has put pressure on the sale. Currently it employs 31 managers supervising 500 strong workforce including permanent, part-time and temporary workers to meet the demands of fluctuating numbers of customers. It has weekly turnover of  £1m. It has 6 departments with checkouts department having maximum numbers of employees, high absenteeism and lowest satisfaction level.  

Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economy - Essay Example This was positive news for the economy of UK but the policy makers have struggled to register even modest pace of progress of the country’s economy. The government of UK has however faced lot of criticism from the people because of policy measures on austerity after it took office in 2010. Since the time the government of UK has reduced their spending, the economy of the country has become stagnant. This has been fuelled by the effects of recession. As compared to the last fiscal, the economy of the country has grown by a meager 0.3% in the first quarter of the current year. The last quarter of 2012 registered a lean growth of 0.3%. This showed that the economic depression in UK has been prevailing since the last year and is still continuing in 2012. According to the director of fixed income at Scotia Bank, Alan Clarke, the GDP growth rate of the country has been 1.2% for the last year. The slight increase in the economic growth rate is a sign of relief for the UK treasury but the challenge of reviving the economy still looms large over the policymakers. One of the major rating agencies, the Fitch Ratings emerged as the second major ratings agency to dismiss UK from its triple â€Å"A† credit ratings. The economy of UK saw unemployment levels rising in the month of February and the wages of labor also declined to minimum levels. The International Monetary Fund who were once a major proponent of the austerity measures of the governments commented that UK should consider to reduce government spending on the back of weak economic progress of the country. The British political administration headed by the Prime Minister commented that they would continue with the austerity policies in order to avoid the fate of Greece and other members of the European Union (Dow Jones & Company, 2013, p.1). The British administration still believes that it might take longer than expected for the economy to recover but the slightest progress in the first quarter of 201 3 indicated that the economy is healing. There are no easy solutions for economic recovery from the situation of crisis built over the years. This is evident from the worldwide economic slowdowns in countries like US, Germany, China, etc. Analysis of the article and identification of linkage with the economic concepts The rime of Golden age in Europe and US saw the major economies of the world like UK passing through a phase of reconstruction and government policies on increased expenditure in order to boost the aggregate demand in the economy. This created increase in the flow of money in the economy of the countries like UK. This policy adopted by the policy makers could be linked with the economic theory proposed by the British economist, Keynes. The Keynesian theory of economics explained that an expenditure of one member in the economy leads to the income of another member. The rise in income level of the population led to the increase in aggregate demand which was supported by increase in production and increase in fiscal deficits of the government (Mankiw, 2011, p.39). In the later stages the increase in liquidity level beyond limit and excessive savings led to decrease in investments and fall of production levels. This caused inflation

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance A STUDY OF RESOURCE BASED VIEW: HOW DOES RESOURCE DIVERSITY AND RESOURCE SHARING AFFECT INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE (IJV) PERFORMANCE? ABSTRACT The study of resource based view (RBV) has transcended the limited focus of a single firm by arguing that RBV can be applied to the area of strategic alliance. As the most instrumental alliance form, IJVs are susceptible to the resource characteristics of parent firms. Albeit RBV has been used to explain research topics from IJV formation to performance measurement, more in-depth study is needed for exploring the association between resource characteristics and IJV performance. By analyzing data from 82 IJVs in China, the present research proposes that resource sharing mediates the positive relationship between Resource diversity and IJV performance. And cooperation effectiveness moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. INTRODUCTION Barney (1991) believes that the resource based view (RBV) theory can be used to explain the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitive advantage in that valuable, rare, inimitable and unsubstituted resources have the potential to bring sustained competitive advantage to a firm. Transcending the limitations of excessive focus on the study of a single firm, Das and Teng (2000) further contend that resource based view can be applied to explain the entire mechanism of strategic alliance on a continuum from alliance formation to performance measurement. Their research takes RBV study to the next level by introducing more perspectives in studying strategic alliance which has been admitted as a critical device loading corporate strategy (Wassmer, 2010). As the most instrumental alliance form, international joint ventures (IJVs) combine both tangible and intangible characteristics of parent firms that allow resource sharing (including knowledge sharing and tangible resourc e sharing) to happen within the partnership because employees from the parent firms literally work together in IJVs (Kogut, 1988). It is critical for researchers and practitioners to understand how the characteristics and dynamics of two parent firms resources affect IJV performance. Why do firms form IJVs? Resource sharing and inter-organizational learning are the key reasons (Lane, Salk Lyles, 2001). By bringing diversified valuable resources into the IJV, both parent firms strive for a balance between protecting their own valuable resources and absorbing the partners resources (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, the cooperation effectiveness of IJVs would inevitably affect the way resources are synthesized and shared between partners. However, when an IJV is formed, how are the resources of partner firms synthesized? How do both parties share their resources to maximize the IJV performance? These questions remain underexplored. The present research focuses on studying the dynamism of resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance and the moderating role that cooperation plays. Normally, an IJV is formed by two parties: a local firm and a foreign firm. These two parent firms possess different types of resources which are complementary to each other, so they could combine their resources to exploit mutual goals (Ren, Gray Kim, 2009). To contribute to IJV outcome, the resource of parent firms have to be dissimilar and complementary, and the utilization and similarity of resources should be considered synchronously (Das Teng, 2000). Extending their argument, the level of similarity and complementarity can be reflected by resource diversity, and how well the resources are utilized can be reflected by resource sharing. Moreover, to consider resource diversity and resource sharing synchronously, cooperation effectiveness plays an important role (Ren et al., 2009). As shown in figure 1, I propose that in an IJV, the resource diversity is positively related to IJV performance, the more resource diversity the partners have, the better IJV performance they are able to achieve. And resource sharing will mediate the association between resource diversity and IJV performance. Since two partners work in concert in an IJV, cooperation effectiveness inevitably moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. Therefore, I put forth following hypotheses: The contribution of the present research is twofold. First, this research expand the resource based view theory by theorizing the model that tap into the relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance by examining the moderating effect of cooperation and the mediating effect of resource sharing. Second, this research also has managerial implications, it helps researchers and practitioners better understand the mechanism of resource diversity and sharing in an IJV, thus they can better deploy different types of resources and facilitate resource sharing accordingly. METHOD Data and Sample IJVs have played a critical role in helping China becoming the best player in the world absorbing foreign direct investment (FDI) (Fang Zou, 2009; Yao, Yang, Fisher, Ma Fang, 2013). Therefore, I draw samples of 200 IJVs in Guangdong Province because it is known as the economic engine of China partly by virtue of its capacity in attracting foreign investment. In their prior studies, Fang and Zou (2009), has adopted IJV sampling in a similar region Jiangsu Province. As suggested by prior researches, considering the validity requirement, solely rely on secondary data is not acceptable, a method combining both survey and secondary data here would be more accurate (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, I administer surveys and draw on archival data for this research. Data are collected from IJV managers representing both parent firms. I measure IJV performance (the dependent variable) by using archival data. I also measure resource diversity (the independent variable), cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable) and resource sharing (the mediating variable) by using survey data of CEOs, board members and senior managers from both parent firms to eliminate bias. Measures Resource diversity (the independent variable).As suggested by Das and Teng (2009), I assess the resource diversity by administering survey on IJV senior managers representing different parent firms to gather the response on the degree to which each parent firm brings different types of resources such as: financial resources, physical resources, human resources, technological resources, reputation and organizational resources (Grant, 1991, p.6). Adapting the method that Yao et al. (2013) used to measure knowledge complementarity, a survey on resource diversity will be used in the present research to ask senior managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how diversified the resources characteristics are from the parent firms by using a seven-point semantic scale. Since the method of Yao et al. (2013) is also conducted in similar regions in China, the content validity is ensured. In the survey, I ask questions such as: How do you compare your partys industry design with your a lliance partner? (strongly overlapping to strongly complementary). Appendix A includes the form of the items for resource diversity. Cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable).Following the multi-step process (Churchill Jr, 1979) measure developed by Yao et al. (2013) on knowledge absorption effectiveness, I assess cooperation effectiveness in a similar way by asking top managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how effective the partners cooperate in the IJVs using a five-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the cooperation effectiveness between partners in your IJV: Our joint venture has been very effective in transferring resources among different partners? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix B includes the form of the items for cooperation effectiveness. Resource sharing (the mediating variable).Adopting the same rationale of measuring cooperation effectiveness, I develop my own items andassess resource sharing in a similar way by asking top managers to rate the level that the partners share the resources in the IJVs using a four-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the resource sharing level between partners in your IJV: IJV partners can easily acquire tangible resources occupied by each other for manufacturing activities? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix C includes the form of the items for resource sharing. IJV performance (the dependent variable).I will use secondary data to assess IJV performance by two constructs: its financial performance (Return on Investment), and also its longevity (Ren et al., 2009). Control variables.Following the study of Yao et al. (2013). I treat IJV size as control variable measuring by the IJV employee number. Since the market dynamism may be another confounding factor, I also control for market dynamism by using Miller (1987) five items. My data collection procedure is: gather the contact information of sample IJVs through the administrative offices of local development zones that are normally the administrative agencies and service providers of IJVs. Then phone calls and emails will be used to reach out to these IJV CEOs and other senior managers to explain the purpose of the present research and solicit participation in the survey. The ideal target response size of IJV is 82 according to GPower 3.1 test (Effect size = .30, ÃŽÂ ± = .05, Power = .80). Im expecting a 40% response rate which is at the high range of typical response rate (15-40%) since I administer the survey through officials of local development zones who are familiar with the IJV leaders. The questionnaires are distributed to participants in 200 IJVs through email, for non-respondents, the first round of following up phone calls or emails will be carried out two weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires, the second round will be carried o ut four weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires. Following the general method adopted by extant researches, I evaluate responses from the respondents and decide which responses to discard depending on the validity. Given the multinational background of respondents, my original questionnaires are designed in English, they are translated into Chinese when assigning to Chinese respondents, then the responses will be back-translated into English. Statistical description of means and standard deviations is provided. Analysis To test hypothesis 1, resource sharing and IJV performance are separately treated as dependent variables in regression analysis. To test hypothesis 2, I measure the moderating effects of cooperation effectiveness by using moderated regression analysis. To avoid potential multi-collinearity, I take both mean-centered independent and moderating variables into the regression (Aiken, West Reno, 1991). DISCUSSION Prior studies has proved that resource based view can be applied to the study in the area of strategic alliance for about two decades (Das Teng, 2000), yet little has been disclosed about the dynamic relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and alliance performance. In this research, after examining 82 IJVs in China, the results support my hypotheses that cooperation effectiveness will moderate the positive relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance mediated by resource sharing. Theoretical and Managerial Implications The present research focuses on discovering the relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance, and the moderating role that cooperation effectiveness plays. The influence of resource sharing on IJV performance is examined subsequently. Resource based view has been proved a strong tool used to disclose the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitiveness. This research extended the study of resource based view to a more intricate and in-depth level: IJVs, in that compare with average firms, IJVs are formed by parent firms to utilize and share their resources thus achieve the goal of mutual benefits. Therefore, the research brings new insights about how firm resources are constituted and shared and thus affect firm performance in an ever-changing global context. Prior researches has shown that knowledge complementarity has positive effects on new product performance in IJVs (Yao et al., 2013). This research extends the study to a higher level regarding resources occupied by parent firms and bring more generalizability to researchers. It also helps top managers engaging in alliances better utilize their resources. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH As other researches, this research has its limitations. First, as pointed out by other scholars, the sample source is somewhat monotonous because it only reflects the IJVs in a certain region in China, and the resource diversity might be pre-established since the IJVs in my sample are all formed by a Chinese firm and a foreign firm, this fact shows a certain pattern of partnership that the Chinese firms offer resources to reach local market while the foreign firms offers technological and financial resources (Yao et al., 2013). Future research may extend the study of resource diversity patterns by examining how different resource diversity relationships effect research sharing and IJV performance. Second, I only discussed the model regarding IJVs, however, there are other equity and non-equity inter-organizational collaborations such as technical exchange and consortia (Majchrzak, Jarvenpaa Bagherzadeh, 2014). The effect in the other types of collaborations may vary a lot from the model I examine in IJVs. However, the limitation here also leads to fruitful future research. Study of the resource dynamism and alignment can be delivered on different forms of strategic alliance. APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C REFERENCES      Ã‚   Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., Reno, R. R. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions: Sage. Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120. Churchill Jr, G. A. 1979. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research: 64-73. Das, T. K., Teng, B.-S. 2000. A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management, 26(1): 31-61. Fang, E. E., Zou, S. 2009. Antecedents and consequences of marketing dynamic capabilities in international joint ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(5): 742-761. Grant, R. M. 1991. The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California management review, 33(3): 114-135. Kogut, B. 1988. Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4): 319-332. Lane, P. J., Salk, J. E., Lyles, M. A. 2001. Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(12): 1139-1161. Majchrzak, A., Jarvenpaa, S. L., Bagherzadeh, M. 2014. A review of interorganizational collaboration dynamics. Journal of Management: 0149206314563399. Miller, D. 1987. The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 8(1): 55-76. Ren, H., Gray, B., Kim, K. 2009. Performance of International Joint Ventures: What Factors Really Make a Difference and How? Journal of Management, 35(3): 805-832. Wassmer, U. 2010. Alliance portfolios: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 36(1): 141-171. Yao, Z., Yang, Z., Fisher, G. J., Ma, C., Fang, E. E. 2013. Knowledge complementarity, knowledge absorption effectiveness, and new product performance: The exploration of international joint ventures in China. International Business Review, 22(1): 216-227. Figure 1 Conceptual model of the current research

Comunist China And Civil Rights Violations Essay -- essays research pa

China is famous throughout history for both Tieneman square, and capitol punishment . These are each examples of human rights violations. Communist China's one child policy Is yet another example. China's one child policy was stared in 1979 as an attempt to solve their overpopulation problem. The policy states that every couple in China is allowed only one child. In order for a couple to have a child they must first have a birth coupon issued by the government before giving birth to the child. "Birth Quotas" are determined in order to have surveillance of the people who have all ready had their single child allowed to them born. The women of China must deal with their menstrual cycle being monitored publicly to stop the possibility of having a second child. They also must face pelvic examinations if they are even suspected of being impregnated. Any unauthoized pregnancies are terminated by an aboution regardless of the pregnancies progression. Graphically, The baby's head is crushed and then pulled out of the woman, just to name one of the many grusome abortion practices, killing the baby, and torturing the woman. The Chinese law has horrible effect's on the country's major population. Many Infant's are abandoned, or brutally killed at home to cut down upon expenses and fines issued by the government. In 1993 ultrasound machines were in mas importation to China, however in 1993 the use of these machines ...

Weston Meehan

In today’s society there is a war going on, a battle to control our minds, hearts, and souls with a simple idea. An idea so dangerous that it not only has it indoctrinated us as a generation, but indoctrinating future generations without so much has a scrap of scientific evidence. An idea that questions our livelihood, why we are here, why we do what we do, and where do we go when it is all said and done. This idea is known as the Evolutionary theory and its concepts derived nearly 200 years ago by Charles Darwin in his book the Origin of Species.Darwin states† I see no good reasons why the views given in this volume should shock the religious views of anyone. † (1859, pp. 520) Claiming Evolution does not exist would be as empirical as proving God does exist. In these arguments there is no middle ground, either God does exist or he does not, either evolution is real or it is not. There is only one way to prove the evidence and that is to seek it out with examinatio n. Would such evidence exist? If so what could possibly the nature of this evidence?Before the Evolutionary theory’s inception the four burning questions of man has been who am I, where did I come from, why am I here, and where do I go when I die? The answer to these questions has always been some sort of religion, and that this world has a designer with an incredible plan. Now as time has progressed a very dangerous solution was introduced to the world and with its arrival it is changing the very fabric of humanity. The new religion of the day is science and this affects our legal system, school system, and thought process.These effects over time can be detrimental to the minds and morals of us as a society. One of the most basic and fundamental questions of the human mind is the question, â€Å"does God exist? † The one thing every human has in common is having a worldview. A worldview is how you view the world. There are two ways you can view this world. Some people look at this world and say, â€Å"it’s amazing this came from evolution† that is the Evolutionists’ worldview. Others say, â€Å"this world has incredible design there must be a designer† this is the Creationists’ worldview.These two views are polar- opposite from each other in a clash where one side has to be wrong. When mentioning Evolution, keep in mind that there are six theories and basis to the word evolve. Cosmic Evolution: the origin of time, space, and matter i. e. the â€Å"Big Bang†. Chemical Evolution: the origin of higher elements from hydrogen. Stellar and Planetary Evolution: origin of stars and planets. Organic Evolution: the origin of life. Macroevolution: the changing from one kind in to another. Finally, Microevolution: variations within kinds.These theories are studied in every American education curriculum but only one has scientifically been proven. In a common Webster Dictionary from an online website the definition o f the Big Bang Theory (Cosmic Evolution) is â€Å"a theory in astronomy: the universe originated billions of years ago in an explosion from a single point of nearly infinite energy density. † (Webster Dictionary Online) Another is Alan Guth’s theory stating, â€Å"†¦ the entire observable universe could have evolved from an infinitesimal (Greek for dot) region.It’s then tempting to go one step further and speculate that the entire universe evolved from literally nothing. † (1984 p. 128). The two theories of the creation of the Earth are basically the same but the Evolutionists believe it happened for no reason. The Creationists believe that God was the creator. The first law of the Conservation of matter is that, â€Å"matter (and or energy) cannot be created or destroyed. † Thus, if the matter cannot be created nor destroyed then who created this world? The choices still remain, it created itself or someone created it.Scientifically how can s omething be created from nothing unless there was a creator? Instead of raising questions that are gaudy, scientific, and quite frankly a bit harder to understand I would like to use history as the main source of discussion. The arguments most skeptics tend to stray away from are whether or not Dinosaurs existed with man. As ridiculous as that might sound to do believe that the very thought of such a notion existing could shake the beliefs of your modern Evolutionists. If dinosaurs did exist then the Evolutionary theory would be completely and utterly false and visa versa for creation.This topic is rarely touched based on just due to most of societies’ presuppositions on the matter and considering alternative evidence with an unbiased open mind. Let’s start with the question â€Å"what happened to the dinosaurs? † and there are scores of theories on this matter. The main theory is that a comet struck the earth, and the dust that was raised blocked out the sun. W hen the sun was blocked out the climate turned cold and the cold-blooded animals couldn’t survive. The flaw in this theory is that we still have animals today such as alligators, crocodiles, and Komodo dragons and supposedly these species date back to before the inosaurs were evolved (according to Evolution). Another theory is E. Baldwin’s exotic notion to say that they use to eat a laxative plant and when this plant went extinct the dinosaurs died out due to constipation. (2002, pp. 210) According to the Bible there was a major catastrophe that wiped out the Dinosaurs as well as most of the life on Earth. This was the great Genesis flood, which was global destroying all of existence except a man named Noah, his family, and two of every kind of animal to be taken aboard an Ark and to repopulate the Earth.Logically, Noah would of obtained only infant animals. This is for three reasons; they eat less, sleep more, and take up less room. This account of a global flood is n ot only found in the Bible but in every major culture’s history such as China, Mesopotamia, and Polynesian cultures. In 1841 the first use of the term Dinosauria (meaning terrible lizard) was created by the famous British anatomist and Paleontologist Sir Richard Owen. The term was used for the first time at a meeting of the British Association of the Advancement of science held in Plymouth. No reptile now exists which provides a complicated and thecodont dentition with limbs so proportionally large and strong having such well-developed marrow bones and sustaining the weight of the trunk by synchrondrosis or anchylosis to so long and complicated a sacrum, as in the order Dinosauria. † (Owen 42) After that meeting the word Dinosaur became a popular term to describe these giant lizards that were being discovered by paleontologists. During the 1800’s after the first discovery of theses fossils scientists began to look for clue to what had happened to these â€Å"ter rible lizards†.Unfortunately the focus was on the rocks and buried fossils and failed to examine history on what had really happened. Examining ancient history and the historical record you will not find the word â€Å"dinosaur† remember the word dinosaur was not created until 1841. Every culture shared a common name for these creatures but the most familiar is the name dragon. Even in our local library’s dictionary the definition of dragon shares a chilling depiction. Even the old dictionaries recognize these dragons to be real and not apart of myth.It seems that all cultures have different names for these dragons such as the list provided on page 13. Dragon history is nearly universal through ancient cultures. Where did this concept derive? Why is it so universal among cultures that are separated by continents? How did societies through out the world describe, etch, draw, and sew these creatures with such uniformity if they were not of eyewitness accounts? Cert ain things that aren’t shown to us growing up when learning the evolutionary theory as well as all of history are all of the artwork of the ancient cultures and the people of the culture depicting dinosaurs.It is safe to say that most of all the ancient art are mainly illustrations of everyday life and this gives us a good idea of how these cultures hunted, lived, and the ceremonies they practiced. The highly technical civilization of the Nazca Indians off the coast of Peru flourished from about 1 A. D. to 750 A. D. These cultures produced an array of technologies as well as crafts including ceramics, textiles, and geoglyphs. Today it is still unknown how this culture produced these geoglyphs called the Nazca lines. The Nazca Indians also produced thousands of carvings on burial stones, these carvings are known as the Ica stones.There have been over 16,000 of these remarkable stone found over the years. They contain depictions of daily life, battle scenes, advanced technologi es, and most amazingly dinosaurs. Most skeptics try to debunk the Ica stones being a hoax or created during our time period, but the evidence points otherwise. Other than the Ica stones there has been thousands of pieces of ancient art depicting dinosaurs found in many different cultures spreading over the planet. The authenticity of this art has divided skeptics, but most that have no preconceived biases believe in their genuine nature.Here are just some of the different examples of the uniformity of these creatures that are shared. Again, how could each culture depict these dinosaurs if they were not of eyewitness accounts? Could it be possible that dinosaurs still exist today? For at least a hundred years there have been many reputable reports in English speaking countries of seeing a dinosaur like creature in the lakes of Loch Ness, Champlain, and Ogopogo. The accounts describe a Plesiosaur or a water dwelling dinosaur. These lakes are vast bodies of water reaching depths of fou r hundred feet in certain parts.To add to the elusiveness of these creatures it is believed that like crocodiles, alligators, and caimans this type of dinosaur is nocturnal. The most intriguing of eyewitness reports do not come from the lakes of England, Scotland, or America but from the darkest regions of the African Congo a swamp named Likoula. Likoula is the largest swamp in the world, 55,000 square miles in size and remains eighty percent unexplored. Most civilized people do not venture into these swamps due to the harsh conditions, but tribe’s people living in the swamp say that several creatures that are apparent dinosaurs are still alive today.There’s a creature the natives call Mokele-Embembe â€Å"described as a large animal 16 to 32 feet in length with a long neck and a tail. It is also alleged that the reddish-brow to gray, which lives in the swamp and only eats on vegetation. † (â€Å"Half-God, Half-Beast†, 1999) The National Geographic show à ¢â‚¬Å"The Beast Man† presented an episode where the host interviewed a local villager and the experiences he had with the creature. The villager stated, â€Å"it was a long time ago, I was scared and ran away. † (Beast Man) This shows the power of the creature and how scary it can appear.The Bible shares a probable depiction of this very same creature, â€Å"behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach unto him. † (King James Bible, Job. 40. 15-19) The dangers of the theory of Evolution have affected and corrupted the minds of people for generations.With the evidence shown the devotion put in to this theory brings loyalty s imilar to no other. Most scientists put all of their faith in science just like as if it were a religion. As a Christian would lay their faith in to the Bible their faith lies in theories that are still not proven today. I chose to interview an Environmental Science professor at our college to question his openness and possibility of such a notion. In my interview with professor Meizeka I asked, â€Å"if dinosaurs still existed and what would that do to the evolutionary theory? He then stated â€Å"it’s not possible† when I told him about the eyewitness accounts in the Likoula Swamp he stammered around the question stating â€Å"it just doesn’t†¦you’re certainly going to find species that we never thought existed, but a large scale dinosaur hard to believe. † My question never seemed to be answered if the theory would be shaken or not but maybe his silence speaks volumes. Why are these issues confronted with such skepticism? What would be the reasoning behind not thoroughly accessing the possibility of this phenomenon?In conclusion through out all of my research and reflecting on my thesis, the Evolutionary Theory has indeed indoctrinated society. The majority of scientists would rather reject the possibility of dinosaurs’ existence with man to better enforce their belief system. The scariest notion is what if this theory was made to prevent our generation and future generations in the belief of creation. (Word Count) 2231 ? Dragons in Different Cultures 1. Arabic: ah-teen (pl. tah-neen), (Al)Tineen, Plural: (Al)Tananeen ? 2. Athebascin (Alasken): Manchu 3. ?Austrian: Drach`n, Lindwurm? 4.Bulgarian: drakon (phonetic), a? aeii (Actual spelling) ? 5. Catalan (N/E Spain): drac ? 6. Chinese: lung/long, Liung (Hakka dialect) ? Chinese: old & new: ? 7. Croatian/Serbian: zmaj (pronounced â€Å"zmai† means Dragon), azdaja (pronounced â€Å"azhdaya† means Hydra) ? 8. Czech: Drak, Draeek (Draaachek) ? 9. Dani sh: drage 10. ?Dansk: drage ? 11. Draconian: Khoth, (pl. Khothu)? Driigaran (music language): C4 G4 C5 D5 B5 C5? Double-Dutch: dridi-gag-dridi-gen? 12. Dutch: draak ? 13. Elven/Drow: Tagnik'zur ? 14. Egg-Latin: Dreggageggon ? 15. English: dragon ? English (Middle): dragun, dragoun ? 16.English (Old): draca ? Enochian: Vovin (Voh-een)? 17. Esperanto: drako, dragono? 18. Estonian: draakon, lohe, lohemadu or tuuleuss (Wind Snake), lendav madu? 19. Euskera (dialect of the Basque Country): Erensuge ? 20. Faeroese: eitt dreki, eitt flogdreki, ein fraenarormur ? Finnish: lohikaarme, draakki, dragoni? 21. Fire Witch tongue: Katash wei' vorki (kah-TASH whey VOR-key) ? 22. Flambian: kazyeeqen (comes from kazyee-aqen, fire lizard) 23. ?Flemmish: Draeke? French: dragon,dragun, dargon ? 24. Gaelic: Arach ? 25. German: drache (pl. Drachen), Lindwurm, drake (pl. draken) ? 26. Greek: drakon, drako.Male: drakos (or thrakos), Female: drakena (or thrakena) ? 27. Greek (ancient): Male: drakkon (or thra kon), Female: drakkina (or thrakena) 28. ?Hawaiian: Kelekona, (plural) Na Kelekona ? Hebrew: drakon (plural) drakonim, Tanniym ? 29. Hungarian: sarkany ? 30. Icelandic: dreki 31. ?Indonesian: Naga ? I 32. ranian: Ejdeha 33. ?Islamic: th'uban, tinnin ? 34. Italian: drago, dragone, volante, dragonessa ? 35. Japanese: ryu, tatsu ? 36. Jibberish: gidadraggidaen (pronunced â€Å"gid-a-drag-gid-ah-en†)? 37. Klingon: lung'a' puv (pronounced loong-AH poov) â€Å"Flying Great Lizard† ? 38. Korean: yong ?Latin: draco, dracon, draco, dragon, dragoon, serpent,serpens 39. ?Luxembourgian: Draach ? Middle earth Ency. : Anguloce: generic, Ramaloce: winged dragon, Uruloce: fire breath dragon 40. ?Malay: Naga 41. ?Milanese (Italy): Dragh, Draguun,Dragoon ? 42. New Zeland (Maori): tarakona ? 43. Norse: ormr ? Norsk: drake, dragonet, liten drake ? 44. Norwegian: drage ? Oppish: dropagoponop (pronounced drop-ag-op-an-op)? 45. Ourainic Barb: Duxobum ? 46. Philippines: male: dragon short o, female: Dragona with a short o and a ? 47. Pig-Latin: Agon-dray ? 48. Polish: smok 49. ?Portuguese: dragao ? 0. Quenya (elven): Loke, winged: Ramaloke, sea: Lingwiloke, fire: Uruloke ? 51. Reinitian (of Reinita): Dralaghajh ? Roman: draco ? Romanian: Dragon, (pl. Dragoni), Zmeu (pl. Zmei), dracul, drakul ? 52. Russian: drakon ? Sanskrit: naga (type of snake-human-dragon)? Slovenia: Zmaj = Dragon, Hidra = Hydra.? 53. Spanish: dragon, El Draque, Brujah? 54. Swedish: drake, lindorm ? Swedish (Ancient): flugdrake, floghdraki? 55. Swiss German: Dracha ? 56. Tagalog: drakon ? 57. Thai: mung-korn ? | Works Cited â€Å"Ancient Dinosaur Depictions. † Genesis Park. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. ;http://www. enesispark. com/exhibits/evidence/historical/ancient/dinosaur/;. (Internet) Conner, Susan, and Linda Kitchen. Science's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Outrageous Innovators, Deadly Disasters, and Shocking Discoveries. Washington, D. C. : Brassey's, 2002. 210. Print. (Book) Critt endon, Jules. â€Å"Half-God, Half Beast. † Boston Herald [Boston] 29 Jan. 1999: n. pag. Print. (Newspaper) Darwin, Charles (1859), The Origin of Species (London: A. L. Burt). (Book) Guth, Alan and Paul Steinhardt (1984), â€Å"The Inflationary Universe,† Scientific American, 250 116-128, May. (Magazine) Hawk, Ray, and E. E. Hubbard. What Is the Law of Conservation of Matter? † WiseGeek. Conjecture, 24 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . (Internet) Job. King James Bible. Nashville, TN: Holman Bible, 1973. Print. (reference) N. p. , n. d. Web. . (Internet) â€Å"John Meizeka. † Personal interview. 29 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Nazca Lines. † , Peru. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. sacred-destinations. com/peru/nazca-lines;. (Internet)Neilson, William Allan, Thomas A. Knott, and Paul W. Carhart. Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam, 1960. Print. (Reference) Owen, Sir Richard. â€Å"Report o n British Fossil Reptiles. Part II. † Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 60-204 (1842): 42. Print. (Journal) â€Å"Say â€Å"Dragon†Ã¢â‚¬  How to Say Dragon in Many Languages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . (Internet) Spain, Pat. â€Å"Mokele Mbembe. † The Beast Man. 7 Dec. 2012. Television. (Media) African: nrgwenya ? 58. Afrikaans: Draak ? 59.Arabic: ah-teen (pl. tah-neen), (Al)Tineen, Plural: (Al)Tananeen ? 60. Athebascin (Alasken): Manchu 61. ?Austrian: Drach`n, Lindwurm? 62. Bulgarian: drakon (phonetic), a? aeii (Actual spelling) ? 63. Catalan (N/E Spain): drac ? 64. Chinese: lung/long, Liung (Hakka dialect) ? Chinese: old & new: ? 65. Croatian/Serbian: zmaj (pronounced â€Å"zmai† means Dragon), azdaja (pronounced â€Å"azhdaya† means Hydra) ? 66. Czech: Drak, Draeek (Draaachek) ? 67. Danish: drage 68. ?Dansk: drage ? 69. Draconian: Khoth, (pl. Khothu)? Driigaran (music language): C4 G4 C5 D5 B5 C5? Double-D utch: dridi-gag-dridi-gen? 70. Dutch: draak ? 1. Elven/Drow: Tagnik'zur ? 72. Egg-Latin: Dreggageggon ? 73. English: dragon ? English (Middle): dragun, dragoun ? 74. English (Old): draca ? Enochian: Vovin (Voh-een)? 75. Esperanto: drako, dragono? 76. Estonian: draakon, lohe, lohemadu or tuuleuss (Wind Snake), lendav madu? 77. Euskera (dialect of the Basque Country): Erensuge ? 78. Faeroese: eitt dreki, eitt flogdreki, ein fraenarormur ? Finnish: lohikaarme, draakki, dragoni? 79. Fire Witch tongue: Katash wei' vorki (kah-TASH whey VOR-key) ? 80. Flambian: kazyeeqen (comes from kazyee-aqen, fire lizard) 81. ?Flemmish: Draeke? French: dragon,dragun, dargon ? 2. Gaelic: Arach ? 83. German: drache (pl. Drachen), Lindwurm, drake (pl. draken) ? 84. Greek: drakon, drako. Male: drakos (or thrakos), Female: drakena (or thrakena) ? 85. Greek (ancient): Male: drakkon (or thrakon), Female: drakkina (or thrakena) 86. ?Hawaiian: Kelekona, (plural) Na Kelekona ? Hebrew: drakon (plural) drakonim, Ta nniym ? 87. Hungarian: sarkany ? 88. Icelandic: dreki 89. ?Indonesian: Naga ? I 90. ranian: Ejdeha 91. ?Islamic: th'uban, tinnin ? 92. Italian: drago, dragone, volante, dragonessa ? 93. Japanese: ryu, tatsu ? 94. Jibberish: gidadraggidaen (pronunced â€Å"gid-a-drag-gid-ah-en†)? 95.Klingon: lung'a' puv (pronounced loong-AH poov) â€Å"Flying Great Lizard† ? 96. Korean: yong ? Latin: draco, dracon, draco, dragon, dragoon, serpent,serpens 97. ?Luxembourgian: Draach ? Middle earth Ency. : Anguloce: generic, Ramaloce: winged dragon, Uruloce: fire breath dragon 98. ?Malay: Naga 99. ?Milanese (Italy): Dragh, Draguun,Dragoon ? 100. New Zeland (Maori): tarakona ? 101. Norse: ormr ? Norsk: drake, dragonet, liten drake ? 102. Norwegian: drage ? Oppish: dropagoponop (pronounced drop-ag-op-an-op)? 103. Ourainic Barb: Duxobum ? 104. Philippines: male: dragon short o, female: Dragona with a short o and a ? 05. Pig-Latin: Agon-dray ? 106. Polish: smok 107. ?Portuguese: dragao ? 108. Quenya (elven): Loke, winged: Ramaloke, sea: Lingwiloke, fire: Uruloke ? 109. Reinitian (of Reinita): Dralaghajh ? Roman: draco ? Romanian: Dragon, (pl. Dragoni), Zmeu (pl. Zmei), dracul, drakul ? 110. Russian: drakon ? Sanskrit: naga (type of snake-human-dragon)? Slovenia: Zmaj = Dragon, Hidra = Hydra.? 111. Spanish: dragon, El Draque, Brujah? 112. Swedish: drake, lindorm ? Swedish (Ancient): flugdrake, floghdraki? 113. Swiss German: Dracha ? 114. Tagalog: drakon ? 115. Thai: mung-korn ? | Dragons in Different Cultures

buy custom Volatile Organic Compounds essay

buy custom Volatile Organic Compounds essay Air pollution involves the introduction of particulate matter, chemicals or biological materials capable of causing discomfort or harm to human beings and other living organisms; or those that can damage the natural or built environments, into the atmosphere . Air pollutants can be in form of liquid droplets, solid particles or gases (Miller and Scott 2007). Volatile Organic Components are major outdoor air pollutants. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is the organic chemicals with high levels of vapor pressure while at room-temperature conditions. This high vapor is as a result of a low boiling point. The low boiling point causes evaporation or sublimation of large numbers of molecules from the solid or liquid form of the compound and, therefore, enters in the surrounding air. Miller and Spoolman (2007) says that Formaldehyde is a good example of such; with a boiling point of -19 degrees Celsius (-2 degrees Farenheit). It slowly exits paint and gets into the air. This paper discusse s the effects of VOCs on the environmental pollution. The paper will also state policies that exist to ensure that the emission of VOCs minimizes. Automobiles are the most common means of transport in the world today. People are spending considerably long time on the road that ever before. This is due to road traffic or other roadway delays that always result in taking more time on shorter distances. Research shows that Americans spend more time inside their cars than any other means of transport. According to research by Kimbrell (2000), in 1995, people travelled more than 2.8 trillion miles by automobile. This figure was up by half a trillion miles witnessed five years earlier, and almost double the distance travelled in 1965 (Kimbrell 2000). Though most people realize the risks associated with using automobiles such as drunk drivers, speeding and road rage, very few are concerned or even aware of the health effects of air quality inside their cars and the surrounding environment. Ozone is the gas that appears in two layers of the atmosphere, stratosphere and troposphere. The good ozone layer (the stratospheric) extends upwar d at about ten to thirty miles above the earth. This ozone layer protects life on the earth from dangerous ultraviolet rays. On the other hand, the troposphere-which extends just ten miles above the earth surface is known as the ground level bad ozone. Being at the ground level, it means that it is an air pollutant with the potential of causing damages to human health, the vegetation, a lot of common materials and a key contributor of smog. Volatile Organic Compounds are a major contributor of the ground level pollution. They are widely used in a broad range of products for use in every-day life. In the automobiles, VOCs are used in products such as paint, fuel, degreasing products cleaning and disinfecting products. The automobiles, commercial, industrial and electric utilities that burn fuels are the primary sources of nitrogen oxide gases-highly reactive gases that when mixed with VOCs and sunlight forms the Ozone. Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Though VOCs are not acutely toxic, they have compounding long term health effects. Research into Volatile Organic Compounds and their effects proves difficult because their concentrations are usually low and their symptoms are slow to develop. Stratospheric ozone depletion There are many organic compounds that are stable enough to stay in the atmosphere, survive the removal process by the troposphere and reach the stratosphere. However, if they contain bromine or chlorine substituents stratospheric photolysis and the hydroxyl radical destruction processes may cause the active destroying chain carriers of the ozone to be released. Further, it may stimulate the depletion of stratospheric ozone layer and formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.(Hester Harrison 1995 ). Ground level photochemical ozone formation VOCs, as well as other organic compounds are key ingredients of ground level photochemical oxidant formation. This is because they act as controllers of the oxidant production rate in areas where nitrogen oxides levels are enough to maintain ozone production. Hydrocarbons are those organic compounds that contribute in the photochemical production of the ozone (Hester Harrison 1995). Additionally, ground level ozone is a concern to the human health and also has effects on plants, crops and trees. According to the Geneva Protocol as quoted by Hester and Harrison (1995), increased concentrations of the ozone during summertime photochemical pollution instances might exceed the environmental criteria that is set to protect natural ecosystems and human health. These are concerns that led to the Geneva Protocol formulation which greatly support reduction in emissions and stipulates control actions. The depletion of ozone causes eye and skin cancer, cataracts, sunburns, and damage to the immune system. Toxic and Carcinogenic human health effects VOCs can have great impacts on the human health through both the direct mechanism and indirect impacts resulting from photochemical ozone formation. There are some organic compounds that will affect humans senses by their odour; others induce narcotic effects while there are certain species that are toxic. In addition, some organic compounds are carcinogenic; may introduce cancer to the human population (Hester and Harrison 2007). These compounds are termed as air toxics. Their control is, at present, a concern nationally and internationally; which involves many international forums. There is a wide range of chemicals that are coming under scrutiny in for this purpose. The most crucial compounds belonging to the air toxic category and distributed in the atmosphere include: benzene which has the potential of inducing leukemia; formaldehyde, a nasal carcinogen, polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs); polynuclear aromatic carbons-potential for lung cancer (iller and Spoolman 2007). Enhancing the global Green house effect Almost all the Volatile organic emissions emitted from human activities result in the atmospheric boundary layer-this is a shallow region belonging to the troposphere and next to the earths surface (Hester Harrison 1995). While most of them are rapidly oxidized in this layer, some may survive and proceed into the troposphere during events such as convection, passage of fronts and air masses over the mountains. Moreover, other long-lived compounds accumulate in the troposphere. If any of these is capable of absorbing terrestrial or solar infrared radiation, then it may enhance the greenhouse effect. Accumulation and persistence in the environment Some organic compounds with higher molecular mass persist enough survive the oxidation and removal processes on the boundary layer. They may move over long distances if while still in the rain. According to Hester and Harrison, (1995) the semi-volatile Volatile Organic compounds are a good example of this. They tend to sink permanently in cold environments of the polar regions. Their biological accumulation in such sensitive environs may cause human foodstuffs to reach toxic levels in areas very remote from where the original emission occurred. Smog is a brownish-yellow haze that can be seen blanketing the horizon sometimes in warmer months. Though it is made up of many contaminants, the main component of smog is the ground-level ozone. Volatile Organic Compounds are an important ingredient in the formation of the ozone. On human health, Miller and Spoolman (2007) indicate that smog can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Some may cough and experience difficulties in breathing. These symptoms will, however, disappear with time but if one is repeatedly exposed, the damage continues deeper inside his/her lungs. On the vegetation, ozone damages forests and crops intensely as well. The ozone attacks the plants foliage thereby reducing the crops growth and yield. For instance, some environments in Canada have experienced losses worth millions of dollars in agriculture from destruction by the ozone (Matinoba 1995). Programs put in place to minimize VOC releases. The Volatile Organic Compounds emissions have been a concern to many including governments, environmental organizations and researchers. The EPA has played a role in reducing the air toxic pollutions.This is due to the steps it has taken in the race to reducing toxic air pollutants such as: reducing toxic emissions from industries; from vehicles through cleaner burning gasoline and stringent emission standards as well as addressing the issue of indoor air pollution by conducting voluntary programs. According to the U.S. EPA (2002), it had issued ninety six air toxic regulations touching on 174 categories of leading industrial sources such as oil refineries, chemical plants, steel mills and aerospace manufacturers. It also issued automobile and fuel emission control programs that have so far reduced air toxics. Most of these programs were established to primarily reduce the ozone through VOC. Policies touching on the architectural industries have also helped in reducing the emissions. In Canada, new regulations were put in place in 2009 to reduce the architectural coating products, for instance, coating agents, dyes, paint, varnish VOC emissions. Architectural coating is a product that is applied onto a substrate used on traffic surfaces including; highways and streets, curbs, berms, parking lots, sideways, stationary structures and airport runways. This action aimed at protecting Canadian national health and that of the environment (UN 2007). To reduce the VOC emissions resulting from the use of petrol, policies have been implemented to reduce emissions. Also changes are made in the components used to manufacture fuels. Canadian federal regulations of 1997 ensures that light duty vehicles and trucks are designed in a way that they will limit hydrocarbon emissions while refueling. A national regulation of the year 2000was adopted to limit the flow rate of dispensing petrol to a38 litres per minute maximum. There were, also, regulations to effectively limit benzene contained in gasoline to one percent volume since 1999 (UN 2007). In California, under the U.S Clean Air Act, all states must meet the federal air proved by the federal government. In Californias SIP is required to track and also control volatile Organic compounds emissions from the pesticides products that are used in agriculture and commercial structure applicators in 5 non-attainment areas(NAAS) The ARB is responsible for VOCs emissions from the pesticides in consumer products. This is policy was aimed at reducing smog-producing emissions that resulted from field fumigants (UN 2007). According to Biermann (2010), there are also global city partnerships, for example, the C40 network which aims at curbing the cities greenhouse emissions. It is an intergovernmental policy that possesses the potential of improving urban air quality by learning best practices and in consequence, mitigate organic gases emissions in an independent way; from national government. The automobile industry needs careful consideration in the future. It is clear that this industry is one of the most pollutant in the environment. The processes performed in automobile refinishing today are surface preparation, application of primer, applying the top coat and lastly spraying the equipment for clean up. During these steps, organic solvent evaporation occurs thus, causing the emission of VOCs. VOCs in motor vehicles in use can be produced by paint, cleaning agents and the fuel used. Therefore, the automobile has both inside and outside air pollution, whereas the outside seems less. Policies should be put to limit the emissions caused by motor vehicles and other equipments that involve the use of fuel.To reduce the VOC from vehicles, effort should be made to reduce its content of the coatings; employ equuipment modifications for improved transfer efficiency and reduced coating usage and engage in work practice modifications, for instance, solvent recycling so as to redu ce emissions from solvents during clean up operations. Regulations such as have been put in place to reduce these emissions. Environmental Protection Agency has previously proposed and instituted a new and more restrictive basic ozone standard that is under the National Ambient Air Quality Standard Program (NAAQSP), whose contribution is of great immense by regulating air pollutants that EPA deems unhealthy (EPA 2011). Ozone is a combination of many regulated pollutants, for instance nitrogen oxides and the volatile organic and non organic compounds. As a major program put in place intended to reduce ozone levels, organizations and area violating the new standards will have to reduce their emissions from sources that emit compounds of ozone, for instance, industrial machines, vehicles and electric utilities. Among other programs put in place include, inspection and maintenance programs which have been established in pollution rampant areas. This process requires that passenger vehicles to undergo periodic testing in order to ensure that malfunctioning emission control systems are in place. For instance in the USA, the congress normally and periodically amends the clean Air Act that will require further declines in hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and possible particulate emissions (Weather Explained). This programs amendments also introduce lower tailpipe standards. This are more advanced testing procedures. On the same note, new vehicle technologies and clean fuels programs have been instituted to regulate carbon emissions from them. Besides, new and clean fuels programs have been instituted that ensures a controlled transportation management provisions. The 1990 amendments for instance provides powers for EPA, to guarantees specific authority to regulate emissions from t he non -road vehicles and modes of transport. Disasters proposed by the government in a good number of industrial countries are intended to protect the quality of air. An example to this is the year of London tragedy, when the United States of America passed the Air Pollution Control Act that was directed to assist all the states in the process of controlling airborne pollutants. A stringent program, in 1963 the Clean Air Act began to place the authority for air quality into the hands of federal government. This far the Clean Air Act, with its 197- and 1990 amendments, have remained the principal air quality law among the United States of America (Encyclopedia 2010) The 1970 Clean Air Act and serious amendments that followed the establishment of Act of 1977 and 1990, have served and acted as the pillar program to regulate the amount of pollution in the USA. The introduction of this law ensured one of the most complex regulatory programs in the country. According to history, efforts to control air pollution in the U. S.A. dates back to the year 1881, a period when Chicago and Cincinnati passed laws to control smoke and soot from the factories of the city (Weather Explained). This resulted to other municipalities take soot and the momentum gained the ground. In the year 1952, Oregon was the first state to have adopted a significant program to regulate the cause of air pollution. The federal government, three year later became involved for the very first time in history, a time when the Control Act was passed. This law gave the provisions to grant funds to assist the states in their air pollution control activities. There has been a new program that has been instituted whose unprecedented cooperation between EPA and USDA will go a long way to find a way to assist producers in meeting their own and society goals for the sake of environmental quality and profitability. This program aims at providing assistance by conducting an incentive-based approach to combine information and education, research and field extension, technology transfer, financial assistance and technical assistance, based on Environmental Quality Incentive Program and farm bill programs. Are these programs justified? Avnet discovered the association between volatile organic compounds and financials. It did this by combining their customer feedback with it is operational and financial data to evaluate it is relationship between customer perception and behaviors. It found out that perceptions and preference do actually equate to financial gains. This provided additional justification for the executives to protect the environment against pollution. In the present, Air Quality methodologies have increasingly become more refined over the years to occupy the gap in the transportation industry and satisfy various requirements which include transportation conformity and various Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program justification. A number of off-model methods continue to be developed and refined to enable grounds for innovativeness and some projects to account for reductions in the vehicle emissions. In this case, the most typical analysis is associated with vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) reductions but reductions in emissions are likely to occur due to decreases in vehicular delay. They are not enough because these proposed programs only intend to regulate. Regulation is fair but not a long term solution. Also, some of these programs aim at controlling, which paradoxically may allow for energy crisis. These proposals should rather address the alternatives to the use of energy services in substitute to the polluting ones. For instance, a comparison between ethane on a mass basis should strike the right balance between a threshold that is low enough to capture the compounds that significantly affect ozone concentration and threshold that is high enough to substitute some of those compounds that may be useful in return for highly reactive compounds. Lastly, new technologies should come up where gap exists or where existing technologies are insensitive to detect low level of chemical pollutions. Buy custom Volatile Organic Compounds essay

Grievances of the Colonists during the American Revolution essays

Grievances of the Colonists during the American Revolution essays The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. This document stated that the American colonies were now the United States of America, and were now an independent country, separate from Britain. This document also explains to the world the reasons for the revolt against the British. The grievances that were felt by the colonists and their reactions to certain events were justified, and were also stated in this document. The Sugar Act in 1764 did not effect colonists outside of the traders and merchants, but it was an injustice that the colonists suffered. The Sugar Act did three things; it halved the duty on foreign-made molasses, placed duties on certain imports that had never been taxed before, and it strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court rather than a colonial court. These taxes were imposed to help pay off Britains large war debt. Many merchants and traders protested that it was taxation without representation because the colonists had not elected any representatives. They also claimed that the British government had violated their rights, but these charges were unheard by the British. Although many colonists were unaffected by the Sugar Act, those that were affected had cause for concern and anger. This injustice was justified because the colonists had not elected representatives, they were not being tried fairly i n court, and their rights were being violated. In 1767, new taxes were imposed on the colonists. These new taxes were a part of the Townshend Acts, which put an indirect tax on imports such as glass, lead, paint, and paper. It also put a three-penny tax on tea. The Townshend Acts were created to gain revenue from the American colonies. Unfortunately for the British, the colonists reacted with rage against these new taxes. The educated people said it was taxation without representation. The colonist...

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Gun control - Essay Example Many citizens consider it their right to be allowed guns so that they can fight for their protection when the law enforcement agencies fail to do so. On the other hand, there are opponents of the issue who believe that strict gun control measures are essential owing to the fact that they reduce the possibility of the weapons falling in the wrong hands. This debate of gun control has been an essential issue in the United States where it is still considered to be a controversial subject. The National Vital Statistics states the fact that many lives are lost as a result of injuries from firearms. 11,001 people succumbed to injuries resulting from gun shots by criminals only in the year 2001. It was also presented that in 2001, 16,455 lives were lost due to suicides which were committed by using firearms only. This indicates an important aspect that many deaths result in the United States due to guns and deaths due to firearms are labeled as the second cause of death in the country. But an interesting aspect is that the rate of people dying due to the gun shots has lowered following the year 1993 and it has been attributed to changes and leniencies in the gun control laws (Gold 2004). Many important figures in the United States have lost their lives resulting from gun shots. These include the devastating killings of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy that occurred in the year 1968 when these two exemplary figures were shot dead (Valdez 2003). Gun control is an essential subject in the history of the United States. The first most prominent ruling relating to this issue was passed in the year 1939 by the Supreme Court of the country. The court passed a ruling in favor of stricter gun control measures and the ban on personal usage of guns. It justified this on the grounds for the maintenance of security of the individuals. There has been much opposition to this ruling ever since 1939. Opponents of this law utilize the Second Amendment of the Constitution as a point of their justification. According to the Amendment, "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." The opponents of gun control laws argue that this amendment of the constitution upholds the rights of the individuals for the possession of guns for their security. They argue that the denial of the guns for their safety is actually the breach of the constitution of the country as this amendment clearly states in favor of the possession of weapons (Associated Press 2007). Many members of the congress of the United States also consider it important that the ownership of guns is central to the security of their lives. According to the people who favor the possession of guns, firearms tend to provide higher security for the people when the law enforcement agency personnel are not present. Therefore, an individual can guard himself in all situations. These groups argue that after pr oper checking of the criminal records of the people, gun possession should be allowed as this would make the society a safer place to live (Nagourney et al 2011). Many researchers have upheld the benefits that the relaxations of the gun control laws have provided for the United States. According to a research that was done by Mauser, the crime rate in the United States has gone down to lower levels owing to relaxation in the firearm laws. The study upheld this fact with regard to

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) - Research Paper Example t services from carrying out business with the offending websites and search engines links to sites, and court orders demanding suppliers on the Internet to disallow accessing sites. The bill would expand the criminal law to consist of the unauthorized transmission of copyrighted material, setting a maximum penalty of 5 years imprisonment2. The bill has grave implications for the current structure of the Internet in every sense as it allows the Justice Department and the owners of intellectual property, obtain court orders against those sites or services that allow or facilitate the infringement of alleged copyright, including: The bill declares a criminal offense to unauthorized radio broadcast or other distribution of copyrighted content with the punishing of the guilty with the maximum penalty of imprisonment for a term of 5 years. At the same time immunity from prosecution vested all Internet companies that voluntarily and on their own initiative took any action against the online service, dealing with the spread of protected content, while making these companies liable for damage to their site owners charged with illegal distributing content. Under the bill, any member of a network on the Internet – from service providers, search engines and even the advertisers – in fact, require treatment for any owner to stop providing services to the resource, accused of piracy, and to stop any interaction with them (for example, close the channel, pay for content, suspend the ad contract, to limit the effect of the payment system, delete the site from Google to remove links to the site, completely block a site to visit, to prohibit the payment systems (such as PayPal, Visa, etc.) to make payments in favor of services and so on); otherwise, any of the direct and indirect accused of counterparties site will be regarded as his partner. Under the eyes of this new law, merely to get on your wall a picture, document or video that has a copyright will be considered a